Here is the complete solution of Reported Speech Class 12 English with rules and examples:
Reported Speech: Rules
| Reporting in general words refers to the transformation of direct speech into indirect speech. Eg: Aryan said, “I am from Janakpur.” (Direct Speech) Aryan said that he was from Janakpur. (Indirect Speech) In such transformation, we change the following. a. Tense b. Time and place expression c. Pronoun |
| a. Tense: If the reporting verb is in the past tense, then only tense changes: Direct Speech Indirect Speech Present Tense Past Tense V1/V5 V2 Is/am/are was/were Do not /does not did not Past Tense Past Perfect V2 had+ V3 Was/were had been Did not had not + V3 Modals: Will/shall/may/can would/should/might/could Note: – In the case of universal truth or scientific facts and time clauses, tense doesn’t change. |
| b. Time and Place Expressions Direct Speech Indirect Speech Yesterday the day before/the previous day Today that day Tomorrow the next day/ the following day Now then Here there |
| c. Pronouns a. First person changes according to subject. Eg: Ram said to Sita, “I can do my work myself” Ram told Sita that he could do his work himself. b. Second person changes according to object. Eg: Ram said to Sita, “You can do your work yourself” Ram told Sita that she could do her work herself. c. Third person does not change. Eg: Ram said to Sita, “Ravan is a villain” Ram told Sita that Ravan was a villain. |
| Reported Speech of Interrogative: a. Wh- Question with auxiliary: Ram said Sita, “Where are you going?” Ram asked Sita where she was going. Structure: …wh+sub+aux+V…. b. Wh-questions with do/did/does -remove do/did/does Do: V1: use V2 Did: V2: use had + V3 Does: V5: use V2 Example: Ram said to Sita, “ Where did you go?” Ram asked Sita where she had gone. Structure: ….wh + sub + V2/had+V3….. Yes/No Questions The same rule of wh-question applies but just add if/whether. Example: Ram said to Sita, “Are you coming?” Ram asked Sita if she was coming. Ram said to Sita, “Do you like mo: mo?” Ram asked Sita if she liked mo: mo. |
| Imperative/Request/Suggestion Imperative sentence: ..ordered to…/ ordered not to… Ram said to Sita, “Open the door” Ram ordered Sita to open the door. Ram said to Sita, “Don’t make noise” Ram ordered Sita not to make noise. Request Statement: requested to../requested not to… Ram said to Sita, “Could you open the door? Ram requested Sita to open the door. Suggestion: suggested to/ suggested not to Ram said to Sita, “You should not watch TV a lot” Ram suggested Sita not to watch TV a lot. |
Exercise: Reported Speech Class 12
B. Someone says something to you which contradicts to what they told you earlier. Match the beginnings of the conversations with the correct endings.
a. I’m going to Pokhara on holiday. i. You said she’d had a boy.
b. He’s a lawyer. ii. You admitted you cheated in all your exams.
c. She’s had a baby girl. iii. You told me he was a teacher.
d. I haven’t seen Binesh for ages. iv. You told me she was fluent in both.
e. I love these new boots. v. You said you hated them.
f. I only cheated in one exam. vi. You said you were going on business.
g. She doesn’t speak Hindi or Chinese. vii. You told me his office was in Biratnagar.
h. He works in Kathmandu. viii. You told me you’d seen him previous week.
| a. I am going to Pokhara on holiday. b. He’s a lawyer. c. She’s had a baby girl. d. I haven’t seen Binesh for ages. e. I love these new boots. f. I only cheated in one exam. g. She doesn’t speak Hindi or Chinese. h. He works in Kathmandu. | vi. You said you were going on business. iii. You told me he was a teacher. i. You said she’d had a boy. viii. You told me you’d seen him previous week. v. You said you hated them. ii. You admitted you cheated in all your exams. iv. You told me she was fluent in both. vii. You told me his office was in Biratnagar. |
Exercise
C. Change the following sentences into indirect speech.
a. The principal said, “You can phone from my office, Rita.”
The principal allowed Rita to phone from his office.
b. “You must not neglect your duty,” said the teacher to the student.
The teacher told the student not to neglect his/her duty.
c. The student said, “Sir, please, grant me a leave for two days.”
The student requested the teacher to grant him/her a leave for two days.
d. I said to her, “Go to school or you will be fined.”
I warned her to go to school or she would be fined.
e. The headmaster said, “Don’t make any noise, boys.”
The headmaster ordered the boys not to make any noise or
The headmaster forbade the boys to make noise.
f. “Work hard if you want to rise in life,” said the old man.
The old man advised me to work hard if I wanted to rise in life.
g. He said, “Goodbye, my friends!”
He wished his friends goodbye.
h. She said to me, “Have a pleasant journey ahead.”
She wished me to have a pleasant journey ahead.
i. “Don’t give me the book, please,” Sharmila said.
Sharmila requested me not to give her the book.
j. “Where have you been these days?” she spoke on the telephone.
She asked me on the telephone where I had been those days.
k. The teacher said, “Have you submitted your assignments, students?”
The teacher asked the students if they had submitted their assignments.
Exercise: Reported Speech Class 12
D. These are the exact words Dinesh said to you yesterday.
“I’ve just got engaged! We’re getting married next month. We’re going to Pokhara for our honeymoon. It’s all going to be very expensive. Luckily, my friend is a photographer so he’ll take the photos for us. We’ll be having the reception in my parents’ back garden. My mum is baking the cake for us and my sister’s band is playing free for us. I hope you’ll come to the wedding.”
Now, you’re telling your friend what Dinesh told you. Complete the text.
He said he had just got engaged. He told me that he was getting married next month. He told me that they were going to Pokhara for their honeymoon. He mentioned that it was going to be very expensive. He said that his friend was a photographer and he would take the photos for them. He mentioned that they would be having the reception in his parents’ garden. He admitted that his mum was baking cake for them. He said his sister’s band was playing free for them. He said he hoped I’d come to the wedding.
Reading Suggestion:
Subject Verb Agreement Class 12 Grammar Unit 4
